Deepika V M

Objective: Ghee (clarified butter) holds a vital place in Indian cuisine and Ayurveda, with India being the largest producer and consumer. Containing about 99.5% fat, ghee is rich in MUFA, PUFA, omega fatty acids, cholesterol, and vitamins A, D, E, and K, with its composition varying by milk source. Cow ghee is considered superior due to its favorable qualities and therapeutic value, described in Ayurveda as Sarvaprāninām sāmānyataḥ pathyatamaḥ—wholesome for all. Although often misunderstood as increasing cholesterol or obesity risk, studies reveal that moderate consumption of pure ghee supports lipid balance and overall metabolic health. Data Source: This review integrates classical Ayurvedic literature and modern scientific data on ghee’s composition and physiological effects. References from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya emphasize the therapeutic significance of Go-ghrta. Review methods: Contemporary studies and nutrition databases were analyzed to evaluate ghee’s fatty acid profile, cholesterol content, and influence on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. Research focusing on moderate ghee intake (up to 10% of daily calories) was compared to align Ayurvedic insights with modern evidence. Conclusion: Findings show that ghee, despite containing cholesterol, aids in maintaining lipid balance and metabolic function. Misconceptions linking ghee with obesity or heart disease are largely unsubstantiated. Modern research confirms that moderate consumption of pure ghee does not adversely affect lipid profiles in healthy individuals. When taken in moderation alongside regular physical activity, ghee enhances metabolic health and remains a nutritious, culturally significant part of a balanced diet.

Background: Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Family: Valerianaceae), a high value medicinal plant, is distributed in many countries of Asia. The species has been widely utilized in both traditional and modern medicine, with V. jatamansi being particularly valued for its insect-repelling and anthelmintic properties. Similarly, indigenous systems of medicine, particularly in Asia, have reported neurological activities like neuroprotective, sedative, anxiolytic and neurodegenerative of the species in various ailments. This review highlights on the morphological characters, phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities of V. jatamansi along with compilation of neurological activities in various articles. Materials and methods: Journals, articles and various internet publications were referred to compile the relevant information of Tagara (Valeriana jatamansi Jones) and compilation of its various neurological activities. Result and discussion: A comprehensive review of existing literature reveals that V. jatamansi exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antitumor, and neurologically beneficial effects such as neuroprotective, neurodegenerative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sedative properties. Even though there are reports about the pharmacological action of medicinal plant Tagara (Valeriana jatamansi Jones) in neurological diseases, more clinical based researches are required to substantiate their role in improving the well-being of the patient. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of V. jatamansi, and continued research efforts can potentially lead to the development of novel, evidence-based therapies for use in contemporary medicine.